This paper maps emerging trends in genome editing of wild animals, finding that current projects mainly focus on population control and de-extinction, with fewer targeting threatened species. It examines four key dimensions: the technology itself, conservation practices, research organization, and governance and policy.
Despite its potential, key questions remain—especially whether genome editing can increase genetic diversity without unintended impacts. It also calls for ecosystem-wide assessments, case-by-case evaluation, and post-release monitoring. The field is largely driven by private funding, with limited involvement of local and Indigenous stakeholders, potentially weakening inclusion and transparency. Finally, there is an urgent need for more adequate regulation, as environmental release of genome-edited animals challenges existing nature protection laws and GMO frameworks.
